Legal first aid
Real estate and housing
Plain-language first steps for New Jersey, New York and Washington, DC. In immediate danger? Call 911.
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Situations in this topic
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Real estate and housing: where to start in NJ, NY and DC
Housing rights depend on property location, type of occupancy, lease terms, subsidy programs, and local law. A notice from a landlord is not necessarily a court eviction order. Homeowners need…
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My landlord changed the locks or shut off utilities
A landlord generally cannot use self-help to evict a residential tenant. Seek prompt emergency housing/legal assistance.
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I received eviction papers
Identify whether you have a preliminary notice, filed court case, judgment, or enforcement notice.
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An eviction officer is scheduled or I missed housing court
This is urgent. Obtain the actual order and enforcement date and seek immediate legal review.
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There is no heat, hot water or a dangerous condition
Report emergencies immediately and document ordinary repair requests in writing.
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There is mold, pests or suspected lead
Request appropriate inspection and remediation and seek medical guidance for health concerns.
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Can I stop paying rent or pay for repairs myself?
Get local advice before withholding, deducting, or redirecting rent; available remedies have legal requirements and risks.
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My security deposit was not returned
Compare the local rules with the tenancy dates and itemized claims; ordinary wear and actual tenant damage differ.
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The landlord wants a large deposit or extra fees
The label on a charge does not necessarily determine whether it is lawful or counts toward a cap.
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My rent is increasing sharply
Check lease timing, required notice, regulation, and any applicable local protection before assuming the increase is valid.
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My lease expired or the landlord will not renew
Lease expiration does not answer every right to remain or every notice requirement.
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The building is being sold, converted or foreclosed
Review the actual notice and property-specific tenant protections promptly.
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I think housing discrimination or retaliation is happening
Federal, state, and local protections differ; preserve facts and check the proper complaint route and deadline.
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I need a disability-related housing accommodation
An accommodation request is different from an ordinary preference or pet exception; applicable law and facts matter.
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I want to make an offer on a home
Understand when you become bound and what conditions protect you before signing or paying.
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An inspection found major problems
Read the inspection contingency and notice deadline immediately.
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Closing costs or loan terms changed
Compare the final disclosures with earlier estimates and ask for explanations before closing.
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Someone emailed new wire instructions for closing
Stop and independently verify payment instructions through a trusted, previously established channel.
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There is a title, lien or boundary problem
Obtain the actual recorded documents, survey, and title information before deciding what rights exist.
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I am being asked to sign a deed or transfer ownership
Get independent advice before transferring ownership; a deed can change valuable rights without releasing a loan.
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I received a foreclosure complaint or sale notice
Treat the legal case and loss-mitigation application as separate tracks with separate deadlines.
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I applied for a mortgage modification but keep getting notices
Keep a complete application record and check whether any legal or sale deadline remains active.
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Property taxes, condo fees or other liens are overdue
These obligations can threaten ownership through processes different from mortgage foreclosure.
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I am buying a condo or co-op, or disputing association rules
Review governing documents and financial obligations, not only the unit itself.
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A co-owner, former partner or relative will not cooperate
The deed, agreements, estate status, and any family-court orders determine the legal starting point.
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I am a small landlord and a tenant is not paying or will not leave
Use the lawful notice and court process for the property and tenancy; do not use self-help.
